South Africa safari: A detailed guide

South Africa is Africa’s most popular and best-developed travel destination, famed for its sun-soaked beaches and vast wildlife-filled game reserves. It also provides exceptional opportunities to combine safari trips with wineland tours, hiking and museum-hopping.

A recent ecological survey ranked it as the third-most important country in the world in terms of biodiversity. The Big Five are present, namely the lion, leopard, buffalo, elephant and rhino and roam freely through Kruger National Park, the country’s premier safari destination amongst a host of other mammals.

South Africa offers multiple worlds all rolled into one. Expect stunning coastlines, dramatic mountain-scapes, huge areas of untamed bushveld, beautiful semi-deserts, lakes, waterfalls, canyons, forests and of course Cape Town, one of the most beautiful cities in the world.

Consistently voted as one of the top tourist destinations around the world, South Africa is also home to the best luxury safari lodges and camps with something for everyone is this stunning destination.

Why South Africa for a safari

The country is one of the world’s finest Big 5 safari destinations thanks to its outstanding conservation areas and national parks such as: Kruger National Park and its private reserves like Sabi Sands, Thornybush, Londolozi, Mala Mala, Lion Sands and Dulini.

With nearly one million annual visitors, Kruger National Park is the country’s biggest attraction for wildlife lovers, and it’s easy to see why. All of Africa’s iconic safari species – thrive here with over 12,000 elephants, 27,000 African Buffalo, 2,000 leopards and 2,800 lions.

80% of the world’s rhinos live in South Africa, leopards are found in abundance as well as thousands of elephants, springbok and kudu dominating the plains, a joy to behold for visitors, washed down with a sundowner cocktail, local wine or stunning views of Table Mountain in the iconic Cape Town.

A South African safari can last for three hours or three weeks, depending on your appetite, budget and timeframe. High-end safari lodges with incredible African designs and detail have visitors flocking back to this stunning wildlife destination every year.

Top attractions visitors can expect from a South Africa safari include:

Animals

South Africa is a prime wildlife destination with the big five (lion, leopard, rhino, elephant and the African buffalo) easily seen.

Kruger National Park offers excellent wildlife viewing in general and the scenic KwaZulu-Natal parks are best to see rhinos. In Sabi Sand, the main focus is on seeing the Big Five and it is famous for its habituated leopards.

Other animals to be viewed on a South African safari include hyenas, giraffes, hippos, zebras, African wild dogs, crocodiles, wildebeest, kudu, warthogs, springbok and cheetahs.

Marine life is equally spectacular with visitors treated to sightings of the African Penguin, the Cape Fur seal, dolphins, dolphins, southern right whales and the great white shark among many others.

Birds

South Africa has over 840 species listed. It has the highest number of endemic (occurring in South Africa only) and near-endemic (occurring in South Africa and its neighboring countries only) birds in Africa with more than 140 birds in this category.

Most of these species are confined to South Africa’s unique biomes (large, naturally occurring communities of flora and fauna): grassland, fynbos and Karoo. The migratory birds are present from November to April.

Notable birds include the African penguin, Blue crane, Crested guineafowl and the Pel’s fishing-owl.

Best Parks & Reserves

South Africa has a diverse range of wildlife parks and reserves. Aside from lush forest parks, South Africa also has distinct savannah and riverine parks and reserves.

Visitors can go on game drives and bush walks to view the plains game animals and on river boating safaris to view birdlife and aquatic fauna.

These national parks can be explored on foot, by 4×4 or by air and make for a truly unique experience with South Africa’s hidden secrets opening up to those that invest the time and effort to dig beneath the surface.

South Africa’s most populous city is Johannesburg, a top tourist destination in its own right with O.R. Tambo International Airport (JNB) airport acts as one of the main points of entry for visitors wondering how to get to South Africa.

Of particular note amongst all of the incredible parks and game reserves are Kruger National Park, Phinda Game Reserve, MalaMala GR and Hluhluwe-iMfolozi GR.

• Kruger National Park – The jewel in the African crown and a wildlife lover’s dream. Located in northeast, Kruger is one of Africa’s largest game reserves with high densities of lions, leopards, rhinos, elephants and buffalos and hundreds of other mammals, eagles and storks.
• Phinda Game Reserve – Kwazulu Natal’s best private game reserve. All of the Big Five are easily spotted and the reserve’s flagship species is the cheetah with sightings very common for this unique creature.
• MalaMala Game Reserve – An independent private game reserve that shares unfenced borders with Kruger National Park to the east and Sabi Sand Game Reserve on all other sides. Easy sightings of the Big Five and the leopard.
• Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve – The flagship park of the Kwazulu-Natal province and one of the oldest parks in Africa. Rhino are very common in the park.
• Sabi Sand Game Reserve – Sabi Sands shares a 50km/30mi unfenced border with Kruger NP with each of its individual private game reserves all offering the ultimate Big Five experience, luxury safari accommodation, great service and excellent food.
• Addo Elephant National Park – The third largest national park & one of the best places in South Africa to see large herds of elephants. The Big Five are present also.
• Gondwana Game Reserve – A luxury private game reserve with free roaming Big Five game located on the Garden Route in the Western Cape, a 4 hour drive from Cape Town airport.
• Madikwe Game Reserve – A state-owned, private game reserve with all drives are conducted by the private lodges dotted around the reserve, a very exclusive experience.
• Tembe Elephant Park – Hosts all the Big Five, but above all it is a place for elephant lovers offering incredible encounters with some of the largest elephants in Africa.
• Karoo National Park – Most of the wildlife that once roamed here has been eradicated, but Karoo National Park is a relatively small area where this unique habitat and its animals are protected.
• Amakhala Private Game Reserve – An affordable, family-friendly private wildlife reserve that is fully fenced but relatively small in area. Four of the Big Five animals are quite easily spotted, the exception being leopards which are seldom seen.
• Mapungubwe National Park – A UNESCO World Heritage site with spectacular scenery and Mapungubwe Hill, the site of an ancient civilization. Elephant, white rhino and several antelope species are regularly spotted.
• Shamwari Private Game Reserve – The best-known of the Eastern Cape’s private reserves offering excellent wildlife viewing with a good variety of animals including all the Big Five and luxury safari lodgings with first-rate food and service.
• Lion Sands Private Game Reserve – A private reserve within the Sabi Sand Game Reserve. All of the Big Five and cheetah are present, and sightings are common – including of the normally secretive leopard by the four 5-star exquisite lodges.

Other wildlife parks and reserves of interest include:

• Sabi Sabi Private Game Reserve – An authentic wildlife experience is assured at Sabi Sabi, one of the private luxury reserves located within the greater Sabi Sand Game Reserve. Big 5 viewings tend to be superb.
• Balule Private Nature Reserve – All major safari animals are present, and game drives are conducted in open safari-vehicles, which can go off-road.
• Thornybush Game Reserve – A small private game reserve sharing an open boundary with Timbavati NR. Wildlife viewing is generally very good, but the thick bush makes off-road driving more limited than in the neighboring private reserves.
• Dulini Private Game Reserve – A private reserve and part of a vast ecosystem, Dulini offers an authentic experience with Big Five viewing. All big cats can easily be seen.
• Idube Game Reserve – Located within greater Sabi Sand Game Reserve, there is an emphasis on seeing the Big Five, and wildlife viewing is excellent.
• Inyati Private Game Reserve – The wonderful wildlife viewing is focused on seeing the Big Five with all big cats easily spotted. Even the shy leopard is habituated here and easily seen.
• Kapama Private Game Reserve – A private game reserve with several high-end safari lodges offering a range of activities, including day and night drives, bush walks, balloon safaris and elephant interaction.
• Kwandwe Private Game Reserve – Amongst the most exclusive private game reserves in the Eastern Cape, a superb Big Five wildlife experience is complemented by luxury accommodation and word-class food.
• Ulusaba Private Game Reserve – A private nature reserve with open borders to the famous Kruger NP. All of the Big Five animals are easily spotted including the elusive leopard. The park is famed for its rare white lion.
• Londolozi Private Game Reserve – Londolozi offers a genuine wilderness experience and excellent wildlife viewing. Emphasis is given to sightings of the Big Five and other high-profile species such as cheetahs.
• Makalali Private Game Reserve – Makalali is a fenced, private game reserve with two luxury lodges. All of the Big Five and other safari animals are easily spotted.
• Manyeleti Game Reserve – A privately owned reserve, situated between Kruger National Park and Timbavati Game Reserve, with open borders to both. The reserve is owned and managed by the local Mnisi people.
• Mountain Zebra National Park – The best place to see the endangered Cape mountain zebra. The game drive circuit takes you through stunning mountain scenery with several viewpoints. Black rhino, lion, buffalo and cheetah are also present.
• Singita Sabi Sand Private Game Reserve – One of the private reserves located in the greater Sabi Sand Game Reserve and all of the Big Five are easily spotted.
• Timbavati Private Nature Reserve – A private nature reserve with open borders to the famous Kruger National Park. All of the Big Five animals are easily spotted including the elusive leopard. The park is famed for its rare white lion.
• Weenen Game Reserve – A small, off-the-beaten-track game reserve, home to both white and black rhino and several antelope species. A wildlife shelter overlooking a small waterhole and a vulture-feeding site are some of the attractions.
• Zulu Nyala Private Game Reserve – There are no lions in the park, but it is easy to get up close to all the other Big Five animals. Because of the limited size of the park, game drives can become repetitive.

Scenic parks and reserves include:

• Camdeboo National Park – The main attraction is the semi-arid Karoo environment and scenic highpoints such as the spectacular Valley of Desolation, where erosion has left dolerite pillars of more than 100m high.
• Ithala Game Reserve – The park’s scenic beauty is a large part of its attraction. Rolling hills and rugged cliffs create a dramatic backdrop and good viewing of white rhinos can be expected.
• |Ai-|Ais/Richtersveld TP – Spanning both South Africa and Namibia and with some of the most spectacular desert mountain scenery in Africa. The park is mainly a scenic wilderness destination. In Namibia, it features the extraordinary Fish River Canyon, the world’s second largest canyon.
• Golden Gate Highlands National Park – Its name comes from the golden glow on its sandstone rocks in the late afternoon. The park is home to a variety of animals adapted to highland grassland habitat, including several unusual antelope species.
• Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park: Straddling the border with Botswana, this extensive park covers a total area of about 14,670 sq miles of which about 25% is within South Africa.
• Augrabies Falls National Park – The Orange River thunders down the 56m-high Augrabies waterfall before it continues its path through an 18km gorge.
• uMkhuze Game Reserve – Seldom visited by overseas visitors, but popular with local birders and photographers. Several photographic shelters give close-up viewing opportunities of a wide variety of animals coming to drink in the dry winter months. Although not a typical Big Five reserve, all of these sought-after animals are present.
• Marakele National Park – At the heart of the Waterberg Mountains, the park is home to the Big Five, but sightings are hit-and-miss. A highlight is the vulture viewpoint where Cape vultures can be spotted.
• Mokala National Park – Mokala is a recently established national park, protecting sandy plains dotted with impressive camel thorn trees. The small park isn’t a prime wildlife-viewing destination but offers a range of activities.
• Pilanesberg Game Reserve – The Pilanesberg has a beautiful setting and plenty of wildlife. Set in the eroded remnants of an ancient volcano, the Pilanesberg is a very scenic Big Five destination. A three-hour drive from Johannesburg.
• Spioenkop Game Reserve – A small, but very scenic, game reserve at the base of the Drakensberg Mountains. Central to the reserve is a large dam open to the public for fishing and water sports. White rhino, giraffe and zebra are usually seen.
• Waterberg Biosphere Reserve – Home to the ambitious UNESCO conservation project. For tourists, the Biosphere encompasses the highly regarded Lapalapa wilderness area, Marakele National Park and the upmarket Welgevonden private game reserve.

Safari tours

A safari tour package in South Africa is typically organized by a tour operator, safari tour company or via a self drive Africa safari trip.

Spread across the country, including various tour packages, South Africa’s parks and reserves can take several hours/flights to connect to each other.

Victoria Falls in Zambia is positioned at the heart of the Southern Africa safari experience and the incredible Okavango Delta in Botswana can be easily combined with incredible wildlife destinations such as Kruger NP in South Africa.

It is therefore important to take many elements into account when visitors plan their South Africa tour including:

• Which animals you would like to see
• Budget for the trip
• Travel party (solo, with friends or a larger family group)
• Things to do in South Africa (hot air balloon, hiking)

Guided tour

A guided safari package brings the benefit of:

• Transfer via South Africa fly in safari/4×4 to the safari camps and lodges
• Luxury lodge packages
• Meals/drinks all catered for
• Safari guides and transport
• Facilities prepared including showers, wifi, cocktails and all requests
• Combined trips to neighboring countries and beach trips
• Tailored trips including chimp trekking tours

Self drive safari

For self-drive African safaris, visitors can hire their own 4×4, whilst accommodation can be secured in park campsites or in the vehicle itself if a campervan option is selected.

Part of the fun of a self drive safari is spotting the abundant wildlife on your own and taking the time to spend viewing your favorite animals.

A normal 2 wheel drive car may be sufficient, and of course cheaper, for some parks however other parks have deeper sand and a 4*4 will be required.

Best time to go to South Africa

The best time to visit South Africa is from May to September, as the cooler winter months in the northern regions bring superb conditions for viewing big game.

It can be rainy from November to February, but this is the best time to travel for birding, and temperatures remain warm at 22°C to 33°C.

Certain periods are more favorable for a safari in the best conditions. To know when to travel to South Africa, visitors should take into consideration the following key criteria:

• Budget
• Regions visited
• Weather conditions

South Africa safari cost

South Africa is marketed as a wildlife haven where visitors will be amazed by the range and number of wildlife on offer as well as the high quality of unique accommodation. These tend to be the most expensive elements of any safari.

High tourist numbers are attracted to South Africa however visitors will be pleasantly surprised that prices for activities and food are very reasonable compared to other African safari destinations.

There are multiple factors that can impact the cost of a safari in South Africa including accommodation selected, trip duration, safari costs, tours, flights, transfers, meal options and additional activities visitors may request.

Travelers on a budget can reduce costs by booking their own flights, accommodation and activities as well as hiring a 4*4 to travel between the parks and reserves.

Organizing your safari

There are a number of different options available for organizing your safari in South Africa including:

DIY safari

Organizing your own safari is possible but only recommended for more experienced travelers and visitors on a strict budget. This option requires time and know-how to plan for all flights, transport, meals, accommodation and safari tours.

Without the knowledge of specific safari destinations and logistics in navigating an African country, this may be a challenging option for many travelers.

Tour operators

The biggest tour operators will offer safaris in South Africa where visitors can book a package that will cover their flight, transport, accommodation, activities and food, an ideal option for those with no previous safari experience in preparing for such a trip.

Safari travel agencies

Visitors will often find dedicated safari travel agencies to be the best option in booking their dream safari. These agencies have many years experience in booking safaris as well as multiple partnerships with local tourism networks and lodges/game reserves.

Travel agencies typically offer:

• Tailor-made tours
• Local tour guides
• Trips to must-see wildlife areas and parks
• All transportation
• High quality accommodation at reduced prices

The cost of the service of these specialized agencies can be a bit higher compared to other options, a cost worth bearing given the quality and ease of services provided.

Accommodation

Visitors typically will have the choice between lodges, chalets and campsites as well as African tent camps, suites and bedrooms.

Luxurious facilities are common including swimming pools, restaurants, bars, spas and terraces. Game viewings and plane transfers are organized by the accommodation providers.

Trip preparation

Entry

U.S, U.K, Canadian and many EU citizens can travel visa free to South Africa for up to 90 days for tourists going on a South Africa safari. Citizens of other countries may require a South Africa visa.

USA

U.S. citizens (U.S. passport holders) visiting the Republic of South Africa for ninety (90) days or less for tourism purposes do not need visas.

UK

If you’re visiting South Africa for tourism or business purposes for a period of up to 90 days, you don’t need a visa. You should check the expiry date of your visa or entry stamp and make sure you do not overstay.

EU & Switzerland

Most EU countries can enter South Africa and stay for a period of up to 90 days without a visa, including citizens of France and Germany.

Health

The CDC and WHO recommend the following South Africa vaccines: Covid-19, Hepatitis A, hepatitis B, typhoid, rabies, meningitis, polio, measles, mumps and rubella (MMR), Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis), chickenpox, shingles, pneumonia and influenza.

Yellow fever may be required if traveling from a yellow fever endemic country.

The CDC recommends that travelers going to certain areas of South Africa take prescription medicine to prevent malaria.

The assured malaria-free safari areas are the Eastern Cape, the Pilanesberg National Park and the Madikwe Game Reserve, the Waterberg (just 3 hours north of Johannesburg), and last but not least the Nambiti Private Game Reserve in KwaZulu-Natal.

Depending on the medicine you take, you will need to start taking this medicine multiple days before your trip, as well as during and after your trip. Talk to your doctor about which malaria medication you should take.

Malaria is a risk in South Africa. Consider taking anti-malarial medication if you’re traveling to this area. Other insect-borne diseases include leishmaniasis. Ensure your accommodation is insect-proof.

Malaria is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito and so the first line of defense is to protect yourself against mosquito bites. Malaria Prophylaxis may be prescribed to you during your consultation depending on your itinerary.

Check with a travel medicine specialist to see if antimalarials should be considered to help prevent malaria contraction.

Covid-19

At the point of entry into South Africa, you are not need to provide a PCR test or immunization certificate any more. However, additional conditions for entrance are still in effect. To reiterate however, all limitations in South Africa that were associated with COVID-19 have been abolished.

For further details, see our South Africa vaccine requirements resource.

What to pack

The essential items to pack for your South Africa safari include:

• Neutral coloured clothes
• Long-sleeved shirts protecting against the sun and mosquitoes
• Sunscreen, sunglasses, a hat and insect repellent
• Jackets and sweaters for early morning game drives
• Comfortable shoes for walking safaris

Currency

The currency of South Africa is the South Africa Rand (ZAR).

USD $1/GBP £0.80 = Approximately 15.80 South African Rand.

Driving in South Africa

South Africans drive on the left-hand side of the road and visitors driving through parks may require a 4×4, whilst carrying a map & GPS is recommended.

Insurance

Visitors should consider travel insurance when planning their trip to help protect and cover the costs of hospitalization or repatriation if required.

Some credit cards may already include travel insurance. Online travel insurance comparators are also useful in finding suitable offers.

FAQs